Ketimpangan Sosial dan Kemiskinan: Analisis Literatur Sistematis terhadap Perspektif Ekonomi dan Sosial

Inka Nusamuda Pratama; Ajai Saputra; Sigit Karma Syaputra

doi:10.47134/rapik.v5i1.80

Authors

Inka Nusamuda Pratama Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram
Ajai Saputra Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram
Sigit Karma Syaputra Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/rapik.v5i1.80

Keywords:

Ketimpangan Sosial; Kemiskinan; Perspektif Ekonomi dan Sosial

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketimpangan sosial dan kemiskinan melalui pendekatan sistematis terhadap perspektif ekonomi dan sosial. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yang mereview literatur dari database Dimensions dan Scopus dalam kurun waktu 2020–2025. Kajian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa literatur terkait masih bersifat terfragmentasi, baik secara teoritis, metodologis, maupun spasial. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan dan kemiskinan merupakan fenomena multidimensi yang dipengaruhi oleh dinamika pendapatan rumah tangga, ketahanan sosial-ekologis, serta akses terhadap layanan dasar seperti pendidikan dan kesehatan. Perspektif ekonomi menekankan pada distribusi sumber daya dan pertumbuhan yang tidak merata, sementara perspektif sosial menggarisbawahi peran struktur sosial dan interseksionalitas dalam mereproduksi ketimpangan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa pendekatan terintegrasi berbasis rumah tangga—yang memadukan perlindungan sosial, adaptasi iklim, dan penguatan kapasitas komunitas—diperlukan untuk merespons ketimpangan secara lebih berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual dan metodologis dengan menyajikan sintesis lintas-disiplin yang mendalam serta mengusulkan agenda riset berbasis data longitudinal untuk pengembangan model intervensi ke depan.

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